^ a b c d e f g h i Villarroel-Pérez, Martín (2021).^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ostrea chilensis Küster, 1844".^ a b c d "High demand for recession-proof oysters"."dredge oyster" means the mollusc known as Tiostrea chilensis ^ "§2 Interpretation - Fisheries Act 1996 No 88 as at 3 January 2013 - New Zealand Legislation".^ a b " Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844".Particularly in Corona lighthouse and Quetalmahue Gulf as the turbulence generated by the falling oysters resuspended the bottom sand, creating hypoxia conditions that did not allow to breath the bivalve. įlawed discards practices in Chile during the 1890s of the small oysters ended up killing some oyster banks in Ancud. Nowadays, its culture is successful in Chile with considerable tons exported, and consumed in some places and restaurants.Ĭhanges in river flows in Southland, due to farming and especially power generation, carrying less limestone deposits into the Strait, is therefore believed to have caused an increase in susceptibility to Bonamia, as well as lower growth rates for some seasons in the past, but little evidence supports this and it seems only coincidental. After the agrarian reform the commercial aquaculture started in the 80s, during the Civic-military dictatorship of Chile, according to FAO, since producers that were state-managed passed to be privately regulated, and also because many exotic species were tentative to introduce as culture options. Hence, the Corfo institution tried to bring-in the Pacific oyster, but the intention was not recommended by the consulted experts, a decision that was respected by the national government. The economy of Chilean oysters was severely hurt when the most powerful earthquake recorded happened in Valdivia, 1960 because the Pullinque Oyster Station was destroyed by it. A couple of years later, in 1935, the Pullinque Oyster Station was built in Pullinque to try to cultivate the Chilean oyster, initiative that proved to be successful because it could provide with seeds for growth to other aquaculture centers that emerged during the agrarian reform period. Choloux in Lechagua, Ancud, 1874 and later by the Solminihac family, formally with a concession in Quetalmahue, city of Ancud, in 1915. The oysters was even kept in ponds for growing by Frenchmen, first by Mr.
In the city of Ancud, Chiloé Island, the extraction of the oyster was banned even at that time (as in 1869 and then in 1874) due to its overexploitation, on the other hand its sale brought thousands of barrels, boxes and sacks of oysters to the capital to supply its great demand. As Chile is the longest country in the world, the transportation of the harvested oysters by wooden-made ships, or by early trains in the early 1900s from the south (42°S) to the port of Valparaíso, and then to the capital, Santiago, was complex however, it got solved when the oysters were placed in barrels that were grated and jointed by quila, a kind of bamboo, and then filled with seawater. In Chile, it has been harvested by the fishermen of Chiloé Island since ancient times, but the written and photographic information dates back to the mid-1800s. The population has been recovering since 2003, with fishermen voluntarily limiting the catch to half the allowable to aid the revival. From the early 1980s, the fishery went into serious decline, due to the outbreak of an oyster parasite, Bonamia exitiosa, with the disease killing an estimated billion oysters between 20. In New Zealand, they are a prized delicacy, and harvested from March to August from the Foveaux Strait oyster fishery, which centres on the town of Bluff (hence the local name). In Chile its maximum controlled length is 87 mm. Its length is up to 105 mm, width up to 70 mm, and inflation up to 33 mm. In Chile it lives attached to hard rocky or muddy bottoms, from intertidal to about 8 meters deep, in enclosed bays or areas protected from strong waves. This bivalve is found from low tide to depths of up to 35 m. Practically, nowadays it only exists in the wild in one natural bank, Pullinque, a sector located in the Quetalmahue Gulf of Ancud which was declared a genetic reserve in 1982, and as a marine reserve in 2003. Whereas in Chile, its range limit is from Chiloé Island, Los Lagos region to Guaitecas Islands, Aysén region. chilensis has now spread to other areas of the Menai Strait and is regarded as an invasive species. Īlso, a self-sustaining population in the Menai Strait was deliberately introduced from the Fisheries Laboratory, Conwy, during the 1960s as an experiment to establish if they could form an alternative to the native oysters Ostrea edulis in fisheries, when the species was shown to be unsuitable because of low recruitment and vulnerability to parasites and pathogens the experiment was abandoned. This species is native to Chile and New Zealand.
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